I am in the process of upgrading the database and I ran onto this article by de Shalit from 1951. A little piece of history, with ideas still holding.
Thanks to ETH for digitizing the entire collection of Helvetica Acta.
Here is the (open-access) article: [-link]
Perturbed angular distributions with LaBr3 detectors: The g factor of the first 10+ state in 110Cd reexamined
T.J. Gray et al.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.96.054332
The time differential perturbed angular distribution technique with LaBr3 detectors has been applied to the Iπ=11/2− isomeric state (Ex = 846 keV, τ=107 ns) in 107Cd, which was populated and recoil-implanted into a gadolinium host following the 98Mo(12C, 3n)107Cd reaction. The static hyperfine field strength of Cd recoil implanted into gadolinium was thus measured, together with the fraction of nuclei implanted into field-free sites, under similar conditions as pertained for a previous implantation perturbed angular distribution
g-factor measurement on the Iπ=10+ state in 110Cd. The 110Cd g(10+) value was thereby reevaluated, bringing it into agreement with the value expected for a seniority-two νh11/2 configuration.
Gyromagnetic gs factors of the spin-1/2 particles in the (½+-½–-3/2–) triad of the four-vector spinor, ψμ, irreducibility and linearity
E.G. Delgado Acosta et al.
DOI: 10.1142/S0218301315500603
The gauged Klein–Gordon equation, extended by a gsσμνFμν/4 interaction, the contraction of the electromagnetic field strength tensor, Fμν, with the generators, σμν/2, of the Lorentz group in (1/2, 0) ⊕ (0, 1/2), and gs being the gyromagnetic factor, is examined with the aim to find out as to what extent it qualifies as a wave equation for general relativistic spin-1/2 particles transforming as (1/2, 0) ⊕ (0, 1/2) and possibly distinct from the Dirac fermions. This equation can be viewed as the generalization of the gs = 2 case, known under the name of the Feynman–Gell-Mann equation, the only one which allows for a bilinearization into the gauged Dirac equation and its conjugate. At the same time, it is well-known a fact that a gs = 2 value can also be obtained upon the bilinearization of the nonrelativistic Schrödinger into nonrelativistic Pauli equations. The inevitable conclusion is that it must not be necessarily relativity which fixes the gyromagnetic factor of the electron to g(1/2) = 2, but rather the specific form of the primordial quadratic wave equation obeyed by it, that is amenable to a linearization. The fact is that space-time symmetries alone define solely the kinematic properties of the particles and neither fix the values of their interacting constants, nor do they necessarily prescribe linear Lagrangians. Information on such properties has to be obtained from additional physical inputs involving the dynamics. We here provide an example in support of the latter statement. Our case is that the spin-1/2- fermion residing within the four-vector spinor triad, ψμ ~ (½+-½–-3/2–), whose sectors at the free particle level are interconnected by spin-up and spin-down ladder operators, does not allow for a description within a linear framework at the interacting level. Upon gauging, despite transforming according to the irreducible (1/2, 1) ⊕ (1, 1/2) building block of ψμ, and being described by 16-dimensional four-vector spinors, though of only four independent components each, its Compton scattering cross sections, both differential and total, result equivalent to those for a spin-1/2 particle described by the generalized Feynman–Gell-Mann equation from above (for which we provide an independent algebraic motivation) and with g(½–) = -2/3. In effect, the spin-½– particle residing within the four-vector spinor effectively behaves as a true relativistic “quadratic” fermion. The g(½–) = -2/3 value ensures in addition the desired unitarity in the ultraviolet. In contrast, the spin-½+ particle, in transforming irreducibly in the (1/2, 0) ⊕ (0, 1/2) sector of ψμ, is shown to behave as a truly linear Dirac fermion. Within the framework employed, the three spin sectors of ψμ are described on equal footing by representation- and spin-specific wave equations and associated Lagrangians which are of second-order in the momenta.
Gamow-Teller transitions and magnetic moments using various interactions
Ricardo Garcia and Larry Zamick
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034322
In a single j-shell calculation we consider the effects of several different interactions on Gamow-Teller B(GT) values and magnetic moments. The interactions used are MBZE, J=0 pairing, Jmax pairing, and half and half. Care is taken when there are isospin crossings and/or degeneracies.
Structural evolution in transitional nuclei of mass 82≤A≤132
M. Bhutan
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034323
In this theoretical study, we report an investigation on the behavior of two-neutron separation energy, a differential variation of the nucleon separation energy, the nuclear charge radii, and the single-particle energy levels along the isotopic chains of transitional nuclei. We have used the relativistic mean-field formalism with NL3 and NL3* forces for this present analysis. The study refers to the even-even nuclei such as Zr, Mo, Ru, and Pd for N=42−86, where a rich collective phenomena such as proton radioactivity, cluster or nucleus radioactivity, exotic shapes, island of inversion, etc. are observed. We found that there are few nonmonotonic aspects over the isotopic chain, which are correlated with the structural properties such as shell/subshell closures, the shape transition, clustering, magicity, etc. In addition to these, we have shown the internal configuration of these nuclei to get a further insight into the reason for these discrepancies.
The energy-weighted sum rule and the nuclear radius
Hans Peter Schröder
doi: 10.1140/epja/i2015-15109-9
The energy-weighted integrated cross-section for photon absorption –known as sum rule σ−1 — is under certain conditions proportional to the mean square nuclear radius (Levinger, Bethe (Phys. Rev. 78, 115 (1950))). Due to the energy weight factor the low-energy absorption components are emphasized and the dipole transitions in the region of giant resonances contribute enhanced at σ−1 . Thus, the cross-section of the full interaction can be replaced in good approximation by the dipole cross-section. Under these aspects, we have calculated σ−1 and the radii of various gg-nuclei. For our purpose, we have chosen a simple shell model where the integrals can be solved analytically, and the contributions of uncorrelated functions and correlation corrections can be shown explicitly. The mean square radius as a function of σ−1 differs by a factor of 1.5/0.87 from the previous result of Levinger and Kent (Phys. Rev. 95, 418 (1954)) without correlation corrections. Plotting the function of the correlation corrections g(A) and the uncorrelated function f(A) as a ratio it shows that g(A)/f(A) tends towards a limit. Finally, our results for the radii of gg-nuclei are in good agreement with recent experiments (I. Angeli, K.P. Marinova, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 99, 69 (2013)).
Hyperfine structure anomaly and magnetic moments of neutron deficient Tl isomers with I=9/2
A.E. Barzakh et al.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.014311
The hyperfine structure of 276.9-nm atomic transition has been studied by the resonant ionization spectroscopy method at mass-separator IRIS (Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes on Synchrocyclotron), Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) for the odd Tl isomers with I=9/2 and A=187–197. A differential hyperfine structure anomaly for 6p2P1/2 and 7s2S1/2 atomic states in Tl isomers with I=9/2 has been determined. It is described by the recently developed theoretical approach fairly well. This enables one to recalculate the magnetic moments of 187−193Tlm(I=9/2) from previously measured hyperfine splittings for 7s2S1/2 states and to determine for the first time the magnetic moments for 197Tlm and 195Tlm(I=9/2) from hyperfine splittings for 6p2P1/2 states with properly taking into account the rather great hyperfine structure anomaly. Similar measurements with greater accuracy have been proposed for the other nuclear states in odd-odd Tl isotopes. These measurements could shed light on the nuclear magnetization distribution in these isotopes.
Magnetic moments of K isomers as indicators of octupole collectivity
N. Minkov and P. M. Walker
doi: 10.1140/epja/i2012-12080-y
The relation between the quadrupole-octupole deformation and the structure of high-K isomers in heavy even-even nuclei is studied through a reflection asymmetric deformed shell model including a BCS procedure with constant pairing interaction. Two-quasiparticle states with Kπ=4−, 5−, 6−, 6+ and 7− are considered in the region of actinide nuclei (U, Pu and Cm) and rare-earth nuclei (Nd, Sm and Gd). The behaviour of two-quasiparticle energies and magnetic dipole moments of these configurations is examined over a wide range in the plane of quadrupole and octupole deformations (&betal2 and β3. In all considered actinide nuclei, the calculations show that there is pronounced sensitivity of the magnetic moments to the octupole deformation. In the rare-earth nuclei, the calculations for 154,156Gd show stronger sensitivity of the magnetic moment to the octupole deformation than in the other considered cases.
Self-consistent calculations of quadrupole moments of the first 2+ states in Sn and Pb isotopes
D. Voitenkov et al.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.054319
A method of describing static moments of excited states and transitions between excited states is formulated for nonmagic nuclei within the Green’s function formalism. Quadrupole moments of the first 2+ states in tin and lead isotope chains are calculated self-consistently using the energy density functional by Fayans et al. [Nucl. Phys. A 676 49 (2000)]. Reasonable agreement with available experimental data is obtained. Quadrupole moments of unstable nuclei including 100Sn and 132Sn are predicted. A nontrivial dependence of the quadrupole moments on the neutron excess is found which can be traced to the negative proton contributions.
Observation of 239Pu Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
H. Yasuoka et al.
In principle, the spin-½ plutonium-239 (239Pu) nucleus should be active in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, its signal has eluded detection for the past 50 years. Here, we report observation of a 239Pu resonance from a solid sample of plutonium dioxide (PuO2) subjected to a wide scan of external magnetic field values (3 to 8 tesla) at a temperature of 4 kelvin. By mapping the external field dependence of the measured resonance frequency, we determined the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio 239γγn(PuO2)/2π to be 2.856&plusm;0.001 megahertz per tesla (MHz/T). Assuming a free-ion value for the Pu4+ hyperfine coupling constant, we estimated a bare 239γγn/2π value of ~2.29 MHz/T, corresponding to a nuclear magnetic moment of μn ≈ 0.15 μμN (where μN is the nuclear magneton).